Niccolò Machiavelli
The Life and Work of Niccolò Machiavelli
"They were freer than their forefathers in dress and living, and
spent more in other kinds of excesses, consuming their time and money
in idleness, gaming, and women; their chief aim was to appear well dressed
and to speak with wit and acuteness, whilst he who could wound others
the most cleverly was thought the wisest." - Machiavelli
Niccolò Machiavelli (May 3, 1469 - June 21, 1527) was a statesman,
philosopher, theorist, and writer. Born in Florence as the second son
of reputable lawyer Bernardo di Niccolò Machiavelli, he was part of
Florentine nobility. He served in the free Republic of Florence for
four years, then becoming Chancellor and Secretary to the Second Chancery.
He was sent to France in 1500 to get the terms from Louis XII to continue
the war against Pisa, and in 1503 sent to Rome to watch the election
of the successor to Pope Pius III. Machiavelli saw the new Pope, Pope
Julius II, ruin Cesare Borgia. It was this pope that Machiavelli was
sent to when the Pope was beginning his enterprise against Bologna,
and was the reference to Pope Julius that Machiavelli moralizes in the
resemblance between fortune and women. In 1511 Pope Julius II formed
the Holy League against France and held Florence at his mercy, stating
that Medici should be reinstated.
When Medici returned, Machiavelli was accused of conspiracy against
him. He was imprisoned and tortured till the new Medici pontiff, Pope
Leo X, secured his release. It was then he turned to literature. His
most famous work, Il Principe (The Prince) was written to try and improve
the conditions in Italy. In 1520 he was commissioned to write the History
of Florence at the request of Cardinal de Medici. This work took five
years before completion. It was this work he took to Rome to present
to Pope Clement VII (Giulio de' Medici). When the Medici family was
against ousted from power, Machiavelli returned to Florence to try to
regain his former office of secretary to the "Ten of Liberty and Peace".
It was on this quest that he died after illness. Today the term "Machiavellianism"
is seen to represent narrow self-interested behavior by interest groups.
Machiavelli died, in Florence on June 22, 1527, and was buried in
Santa Croce.
A man of acute awareness, observation, dedication and literary genius.
It was his work, The Prince, which is still read by high school literature
students everywhere. After four centuries this work is still the constant
debate over the rulers and those who are ruled. Its ethics can not be
questioned and it will never go out of date. It was here that Machiavelli,
who traveled to sit with Popes and was born of nobility, found his calling.
Suggested Machiavelli Works:
Discorso sopra le cose di Pisa, 1499
Del modo di trattare i popoli della Valdichiana ribellati, 1502
Discorso sopra la provisione del danaro, 1502
Decennale primo, 1506
Ritratti delle cose dell'Alemagna, 1508-1512
Decennale secondo, 1509
Ritratti delle cose di Francia, 1510
Il Principe, 1513
Discorso sopra il riformare lo stato di Firenze, 1520
Sommario delle cose della citta di Lucca, 1520
Vita di Castruccio Castracani da Lucca, 1520
By Tina Samuels
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