Reflexive Verbs II

Italian Reflexive Verbs

Verbs in Italian are called reflexive when the subject is carrying out the action with respect to himself or herself, for example when a man combs his hair.  As you might expect, not all verbs can be reflexive:  only the ones that the subject can do himself, such as falling asleep.  To create a reflexive verb, you add the ending -si, etiher at the end of the verb in its infinitive state (addomentarsi) or before the verb when it is conjugated (si e' addormentato).

A verb is reflexive when the action is performed on the subject. For example the verb to wash one's self is a reflexive verb because the person who is doing the action of washing is also the person who is receiving the action of being washed. Some more examples are:

to comb your hair to dress up to undress to make yourself a sandwich

In all of the above examples, the subject (person who does the action) and the direct obejct (the person receiving the action) are one in the same.

In Italian we know that a verb is reflexive when the verb has the letters "si" attached to the infinitive. Some examples are:

svegliarsi = to wake up lavarsi = to wash up farsi un panino = to make yourself a sandwich

Notice that all of the Italian verbs above end in "si" so they are reflexive.

How to conjugate a reflexive verb

To conjugate a reflexive verb you need three things:

Subject + matching reflexive pronoun + conjugated verb (in that order!!)

The subjects in Italian are:

io = I tu = you (informal) lui = he lei = she Lei = you (formal) noi = we voi = you (plural) loro = they Loro = You (plural and formal)

Now each one of the above subjects matches up with its very own reflexive pronoun:

io - mi tu - ti lui - si lei - si Lei - si noi - ci voi - vi loro - si Loro - si

Finaly you will conjugate your verb. To learn how to conjugate a verb go to the following link: Italian Presente tense | Italy

Now here are some common reflexive verbs in Italian:

Addormentarsi To fall asleep or go to sleep

Alzarsi To get up

Annoiarsi To be bored

Asciugarsi To dry off

Chiamarsi To be called / named

Divertirsi To enjoy oneself

Farsi la barba To shave oneself (beard)

Farsi il bagno To bathe oneself (take a bath)

Fermarsi To stop

Lavarsi To wash oneself

Leggere il giornale To read the paper

Mettersi To put on clothing

Mettersi a [+ inf] To begin / start

Pettinarsi To comb one's own hair

Preoccuparsi (di) To worry (about)

Preparasi per [+ inf] To prepare oneself for

Salutarsi To greet each other (reciprocal reflexive)

Sentirsi To feel

Svegliarsi To wake up

Truccarsi To put on makeup

Vestirsi To get dressed

Let's try one: We get up

1. Identify the subject which is "we" (In Italian "noi")

2. Now match up "Noi" with the appropriate reflexive pronoun like I showed you in the chart earlier. Noi matches up with "ci"

3. Now find the verb "to get up" from the list above. The verb is "alzarsi". Now conjugate your verb according to the subject (noi.) Since the subject is noi, my verb ending will be "iamo" (alzarsi ---> alz ---> alziamo ) Notice how I cut off the "arsi" from the verb alzarsi and then I added my ending "iamo".

4. Now take the three bold words from numbers 1,2,3 above and put them together in a sentence:

Noi ci alziamo = We get up

Remember: the word order is always: Subject + pronoun + verb (in that order)

COMMON ITALIAN REFLEXIVE VERBS

mi, ti, si, ci, vi, si  + verb  

accorgersi (di) to noticeaddormentarsi to fall asleepalzarsi to get upannoiarsi=to get boredarrabbiarsi to get angrychiamarsi to be namedcoprirsi to cover oneselfdivertirsi to have fun, to enjoy oneselffarsi il bagno to bathe oneselffarsi la doccia to take a showerfarsi male to get hurt, hurt oneselfinnamorarsi (di) to fall in love withlamentarsi to complainlavarsi to wash oneselflaurearsi to graduatemettersi to put (clothing) onmuoversi to move pettinarsi to comb one's hairradersi to shavesedersi to sit downsentirsi to feelspogliarsi to undresssposarsi (con) to get marriedsvegliarsi to wake uptrasferirsi to movevestirsi to get dressed

The reflexive pronouns (i pronomi reflessivi), mi, ti, si, ci, vi, si, are identical in form to direct object pronouns, except for the third-person form si (which is the same in the singular and in the plural). The following table includes the reflexive pronouns in Italian.

ITALIAN REFLEXIVE PRONOUNSPERSON SINGULAR PLURALI mi (myself) ci (ourselves)II ti (yourself) vi (yourselves)III si (himself; herself; itself; yourself, formal) si (themselves; yourselves, formal)

To see how reflexive pronouns work with reflexive verbs, see a sample conjugation of lavarsi (to wash oneself) in the table below.

CONJUGATION OF THE VERB LAVARSI (TO WASH ONESELF)PERSON SINGULAR PLURALio mi lavo=I wash myselftu ti lavi=you wash yourselflui/lei si lava=he/she washes him/herselfnoi ci laviamo=we wash ourselvesvoi vi lavate=you wash yourselfloro si lavano=they wash themselves

Just like direct object pronouns, reflexive pronouns are placed before a conjugated verb or attached to the infinitive.Note that the reflexive pronoun agrees with the subject even when attached to the infinitive:

Mi alzo. (I'm getting up.)Voglio alzarmi./Mi voglio alzare. (I want to get up.)

Mi, ti, si, and vi may drop the i before another vowel or an h and replace it with an apostrophe. Ci may drop the i only before another i or an e:

Voi v'arrabbiate facilmente. (You get angry easily.)I ragazzi s'alzano alle sette. (The boys woke up at seven o'clock.)A casa, m'annoio. (At home, I get bored.)

Note that some reflexive verbs can be used nonreflexively—without the reflexive pronouns. In this case, their meaning changes:

Tu ti alzi. (You get up.)Tu alzi la sedia. (You lift the chair.)

1) Io mi alzo - I stand up (or, sometimes, I wake up...)Ex. Io mi alzo alle 5 - I wake up at 5 o'clockEx. Mi alzo per vedere meglio - I stand up to have a better view.Ex. Mi alzo da tavola alle 3 - I finish eating at 3 o'clock.

2) Alzo - I lift.Ex. Alzo le borse della spesa - I lift the shopping bagsEx. Alzo la musica - I turn the music up.Ex. Alzo la voce - I speak louder (that is about a quarrel: Alzo la voce coi miei vicini - I'm about to quarrel with my neighbours)

3) Io alzo - I lift.As Italian is very precise the use of I, You, He, She, We, etc. is not needed al the times. We just use them to remark a difference:

Ex. Io alzo il tavolo, tu spolveri il tappeto. I lift the table, you vacuum the carpet.

So the reflexive verb forms are always stricly about YOUSERLF.

Mi lavo: I wash myselfLavo le lenzuola: I wash the sheets.

Mi sposto: I move myselfSposto il tavolo - I move the table

Mi guardo allo specchio: I look at myself in the mirrorGuardo il panorama: I look at the landscape.

Mi vesto: I dress myself up.Vesto mio figlio: I dress my son up.

Reflexive verb forms are also for actions that you'll do alone o for yourself:

Mi preparo il pranzo - I prepare the dinner for myself (that means I will eat alone)Preparo il pranzo - I prepare the dinner (that means I will eat with somebody else)

Mi vedo un film - I watch a movie (that means I'll see it alone)Vedo un film - I watch a movie (I could be with someone else).

Tu ti alzi. (You get up.)Tu alzi la sedia. (You lift the chair.)

Sometimes non-reflexive verbs can be used in a reflexive form:mi sono comprato una macchina=ho comprato una macchina (per me)ci siamo mangiate una pizza=we ate a pizza

In the plural, non-reflexive verbs can be used with reflexive pronouns to indicate a reciprocal construction--some fun verbs are included here ;-)ci siamo innamorati=we fell in love with each otherci siamo baciati=we kissed each otherci siamo abbracciati=we embraaced each other

A. Complete the following with the appropriate present-tense forms of the indicated reflexive verbs.

Italian Reflexive Verb Exercise

1. Il signor Rossi ________ in medicina. (laurearsi)2. Massimo ________ vicino alla porta. (sedersi)3. Io ________ Anna Grazia. (chiamarsi)4. Mia madre non lavora: ________ interamente alla famiglia. (dedicarsi)5. Perché tu non ________ una vacanza? (prendersi)6. Giorgio ________ la vita lavorando in un bar. (guadagnarsi)7. Cinzia ________ una gonna per la festa. (comprarsi)8. Il ghiaccio, col calore, ________. (sciogliersi)9. Il cristallo è fragile: ________ facilmente. (rompersi)10. Io e mio fratello ________ una lettera alla settimana. (scriversi

Answers:

1. Il signor Rossi si laurea in medicina. (Mr. Rossi is graduating in medicine.)2. Massimo si siede vicino alla porta. (Massimo sits near the door.)3. Io mi chiamo Anna Grazia. (My name is Anna Grazia.)4. Mia madre non lavora: si dedica interamente alla famiglia. (My mother doesn't work: she devotes herself entirely to the family.)5. Perché tu non ti prendi una vacanza? (Why don't you take a vacation?)6. Giorgio si guadagna la vita lavorando in un bar. (Giorgio earns his living working in a bar.)7. Cinzia si compra una gonna per la festa. (Cinzia buys a skirt for the party.)8. Il ghiaccio, col calore, si scioglie. (Ice, with heat, melts.)9. Il cristallo è fragile: si rompe facilmente. (Crystal is fragile: it breaks easily.)10. Io e mio fratello ci scriviamo una lettera alla settimana. (My brother and I write a letter to each other every week.)