Turin - The City of Torino - A Brief History

A Brief History of Turin

Turin, in the capital of the Piedmont region, is located in the northwest area of Italy. Torino, as the Italians call it, is a major industrial city that lies along the Po River. The Po stretches from Mount Monviso in the Alpie Cozie (Southwestern Alps) to the Adriatic Sea near Venice. Torino is home to one of the most famous relics of Christendom, the Shroud of Turin, and the 2006 Winter Olympics. It is a large, vibrant city with a population of the city proper is around 1.5 million (according to the 2004 census records) with the outlying areas driving that number to around 2.2 million.

Turin derives its name from a Celtic word tau, meaning mountain. Torino was founded almost 2400 years ago by a Celtic tribe, the Taurini. The Taurini conquered much of France and part of Spain before heading into what is known today as Italy. In Italian torino means "little bull". The bull is still part of the city standard (flag) to this day.

Hannibal, during his Alpine campaign, destroyed much of the city. However, by the first century A.D., Turin was on its way to being rebuilt. The Castra Taurinorum, a military camp for the Roman army, was created at this time. Castra Taurinorum was eventually dedicated to Augustus Caesar and renamed Augusta Taurinorum (cerca 28 A.D.). The square city plan with streets ending in right angles that was a Roman trademark still thrives in modern Torino.

When the Roman Empire fell during the Dark Ages, Torino, which was always prized for its fertile land and access to the River Po, was conquered by various barbarian tribes including the Goths, Lombards and Franks, who established the city as an earldom in the 8th century A.D.

However, when the Savoy family dynasty conquered the city in the year 1280, the city would finally begin its rise to prominence. The history of Torino for the next 600 years is wedded to that of the House of Savoy. Emanuele Filiberto, a Duke from the House of Savoy, made Turin the capital of his duchy in 1560. Emanuele founded the order of the Knights of St. Maurice, with the Pope's blessing. The Sacred Shroud of Turin, a cloth which is said to bear the likeness of Christ, was brought to the city during Emanuele's reign. Emanuele Filiberto's great-grandson, Carlo Emanuele II, was also a defender of the faith. He helped eradicate the Waldensian heresy from the Piedmont region and assured that Torino would remain a Catholic city.

The Savoys are also credited with bringing art, culture and architecture to Torino. The Savoys certainly spared no expense to make Torino beautiful. Despite their best efforts to 'Italianize' the city, Torino's layout is often compared to Paris more than any other Italian city.

To this day, the vestiges of Savoyard rule can be found in the palaces, the grand boulevards, squares and streets of Turin. During the 17th century, Torino became quite the center for Baroque architecture in Europe. It is still largely regarded as one of the finest Baroque cities and attracts many tourists for this reason alone.

In the year 1863, after some difficult years, the House of Savoy became the rulers of Italy. Vittorio Emanuele II was crowned king. During this time, Turin was the capital of all of Italy and, as one can imagine, a center for Italian nationalism. Vittorio Emanuele II ruled over a 'united Italy' as well as Sicily due to the successful conquests of his predecessors. In 1865, the capital moved to Florence. Rome became Italy's permanent capital in 1870.

The Savoys would reign over Italy until Benito Mussolini's Fascists took over the country in 20th century. By this time, Turin had turned its attention to industry. Torino is one of the world's greatest automobile centers. Fiat, the great Italian car company, still calls it home base. The name FIAT stands for Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino (Italian Car Company of Turin). It was founded by a group of investors in 1899.

As one can clearly see, Torino is a city that's steeped in history. This history has shaped its industry, economy, people and landscape. Torino is truly a place where 'beauty and passion meet' history.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turin
http://www.comune.torino.it/torinoplus/english/turingrandtour.html
http://www.quercetti.com/torino.htm

By Deanna Couras Goodson